Motivation

Motivational Theories

What is motivation ?
Motivation - Motivation is a desire to fulfill a need. When someone focuses you to do something better this is called motivation. determination to do this is called motivation. 

Achievement Motivation theory

NACH - Stands for needs to achieve which means that this individuals is driven and motivated in order to feel pride and satisfactory.

NAF - stands for need to avoid failure, this person is driven and motivated by their need to  avoid failure and not feel ashamed or humiliated.

In regards to my athlete: Leo Messi achievement motivational theory can be seen when champions league final 2009. This led him being motivated and driven to order to win the champions league for Barcelona. (NACH)



Attribution Theory

- This theory is based on the reasons we believe contribute to the outcome. The reason we fail and the reason he success.

Stability - is the initial reason unstable or stable ? stable - taking responsibility when you know you done something wrong.

Unstable - is when you lost and game  and then you making a excuse.

Internal - you are the reason for the outcome an example of this when you talking about your self and saying that you could of done better.

External - your opponent was the reason an example of this is when you always talking about your opponent and saying that my opponent was better then me or saying my opponent was easy to beat.

Controllable - Messi would say the reason he is so good is because he trains hard to be that good.

Uncontrollable-  This is if Messi would say the reason he is so good is because his opponents are weaker.



Trait theory for motivation - This motivation is determined by personality and it mainly for people who are laid back and people who are happy to let things past them

Situational approach for motivation - this theory in essence suggests that the motivation level depend on the situation. for instance a football player may be motivated when it comes to the match day and his team are big then the opponent. However when it is in training  he is not very motivated

Interactional approach for motivation - The approach suggests that both personality and situation come into place when determining motivation levels. for example if you put the right person in the right situation you will get the right motivation.

Stress

What is Stress ?
Stress - Is a pattern of negative this is when a person may feel under pressure for example when your taking a penalty.

Distress - is a bad form of stress this is called distress this is when someone is worried when there doing something important in there life for example when its my turn to take a penalty then i ask someone else to do it for me.

Eustress - is a good form of stress this is called eustress this is when your taking a penalty and you know that your going to score because you have no stress what so ever.

Trait Anxiety- refers to a general level of stress that characteristic of an individual that is a trait related to personality.

State Anxiety- this type of anxiety can be defined as fear, nervous and discomfort. this type of anxiety refers more to how a person if feeling at the time.
cognitive - The amount you worry
somatic - physiological changes e.g. shaking

Internal- comes from the inside of us and determine our body ability to respond to external stress.  For example my athlete may feel worried because he might have a injury and he wont be able to have game time.

External stress-  are an event and situations that happen to you. Some examples of external stress are major life changes. this changes can  be positive. new marriage, a promotion or a new house. E.g. noise levels to silent or to loud. for example when the player are not calling for the ball

Occupational Stress - is a major hazard for many workers. increased workloads, downsizing, overtime, hostile work environments shift work are just a few of the many cause of stressful working conditions. For example when messi training no won passing the ball to him

Sporting Environment Stress - this stress is when taking place in a football match. This is when there a lot of people watching you take a penalty in the last minute. Higher the importance higher the stress. For example when Messi in the  champions League final his stress that he wont do good or he might lose it for his team.

Personal Stress - personal stress is caused by friend family and financial issues. For example when messi goes home he get angry with his son for crying.

anxiety

Cognitive Anxiety -    
Negative thoughts - if he has a negative thought he should change it into positive so that he could play good because if he thinking negative then he will always fail but if he think positive then he has a change of going far.  
Poor concentration- If he has Poor concentration then when his playing his going to do mistakes. 

Cognitive anxiety could affect my athletes performance because if they are thinking to much negative thoughts then their performance will drop due to them not having the confidence to think they can do something in the match.

Somatic Anxiety -
Sweating -  if his sweating that will stop him from playing his best. 
 Somatic anxiety can affect my athletes performance because their mind will be on other things while they are playing, for example if they are playing football and they need to go to the toilet or need to vomit their mind is not going to be fully focused on the game at hand.

Behavioural Anxiety - 
Biting fingernails - if his biting his finger nails this will mean his nervous.
This could affect my athletes performance because it means they will be too nervous to try different things in the game that could influence it in a positive nature. 

Arousal Theory

Arousal Theory ?
Arousal Theory is an motivational and it suggests that our behaviour is motivated by a need to maintain an optimal level of arousal. Arousal can be a positive or a negative effect your performance. there are 4 different arousal theories.

Drive Theory
This theory suggests that the higher an individual arousal level the better the performance will be for him or her



 .
Inverted U Theory
This theory suggest that if an individual is at a moderate level he or she will have a high performance, whereas if the level of arousal was either too high or too low the performance level will be low.



Catastrophe Theory
This theory is similar to the inverted u theory because of the arousal and performance scale, however its about cognitive anxiety. This theory suggests that a high level of anxiety will result in a poor performance and cause a players head to drop.


Individual zones of optimal functioning theory (IZOF)

This individual zone of optimal functions theory suggests that optimum performance differs for each person, it agrees with the u theory that high arousal means a low performance this can affect the athletes  performance be a good because if they become too aroused then their performance will not be as good.

Personality types part 2

When comparing my athlete Leo Messi personality traits to a non athlete there are various differences. Leo Messi is a type B because he's relaxed and he always does one thing at a time when he plays football. 

Floyd Mayweather  is a type A  his sport is competitive and he has to be aggressive this is because the sport he does consist of having to hit and beat on your opponent this differs to  messi as the play of football does not need these traits.

Leo Messi is a confident player on the pitch and his relaxed when going past player. this is why Leo Messi is a type B 

Cristiano Ronaldo is also a confident player on the pitch but his a type B this is because his aggressive and his not relaxed he likes to use 100% when his running with the ball. 

Personality Types

Type A -  type A individuals tend to be very competitive and self-critical. They strive toward goals without feeling a sense of joy in their efforts or accomplishments. Type A are competitive, hostile and relaxed . For example archery, golf and snooker.


Type B - Type B personality tend to be more tolerant of others and are more relaxed than Type A. Type B are relaxed they always do one thing at a time and they all express their feelings. long distance swimming.  


Type a and Type b was created by a pair of cardiologists and this was in the 1950.

Personality Theories

Personality: Personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that can describe an individuals.

Trait Theory : Trait Theory is an approach to the study of an humans personality. An example of this is when your at school with your friends you speak differently when your at home with your family.


Social Learning Theory: Social Learning Theory is the view that people learn by other people. An example of the is when Ronaldo takes his free-kick everyone what's to copy him and learn from him. 



Situational Approach : Situational Approach is the behaviour is dependant on  the situation rather than your personality.  An example of this is the way you behave when your at home and when your at school.

4 stages:
 1.Attention - The model must win our attention and this is usually down to the respect, status and performance of the athlete.

2.Retention- to be able to retain the models skills and behavior in our memory.

3.Motor reproduction - We must be able to use our memory to recall and use those skills and behaviors when needed.

4.Motivational response - Unless we are motivated none of this matters.